1. What is the purpose of the pericardium?
It is the outermost layer surrounding the heart, like a sac. It serves to protect the heart
2. Observe the blood vessels connecting to heart. How do arteries differ from the veins in their structure?
Veins are smaller. Arteries carries blood away from the heart and vein bring blood to the heart.
3) What function do you think the auricle serves?
The auricle flaps are placed inside the left and right atrium to increase the capacity of the atria.
4) Q: Observe the external structures of the atrias and ventricles. What are the differences?
A:The walls of the ventricles are thicker and more muscular than those of the atria. The right ventricles is the depository for deoxygenated blood from the right atrium. The job of this ventricle is to pump the blood to the lungs so that it can obtain oxygen. The left ventricles is the powerhouse of the heart.
6) (Draw a) picture of the tricuspid valve, including chordae tendineae and the papillary muscle.
7) Why is the “anchoring” of the heart valves by the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscle important to the heart function?
When the heart contracts, the pressure on the valve flaps by blood is counteracted on by the chordae tendinae, anchoring the flaps closed. This keeps blood from flowing backwards through the circulatory system.
8) Using pictures / words, describe what you see after making a cut from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
From top to bottom of picture
- bicuspid / mitral / left atrioventricular valve
- chordae tendinae
- papillary muscles
9. What is the function of the semi-lunar valves?
The semilunar valves stop blood from flowing back into the heart from the pulmonary artery and aorta.
10. Valvular heart disease is when one of the heart valves does not work properly. Improperly functioning heart valves can lead to regurgitation, which is the backflow of blood through a leaky value. Ultimately this can lead to congestive heart failure, a condition that can be life threatening.
a) If the valve disease occurs on the right side of the heart, it results in swelling in the feet and ankles. Why might this happen?
heart disease on the right side of the heart damages the inferior and superior vena cavas, thus blocking the path of blood back to the heart. The pressure will eventually build and cause the veins to expand to compensate.
b) If the valve disease occurs on the left side of the heart, what complications would you expect to see?
Fatigue, soreness, or, in extreme cases, death of tissue that is not able to acquire oxygenated blood due to damage to the pulmonary vein, on the left side of the heart.
11. Using pictures / words, describe what you see after opening the cut from the anterior aorta wall to the apex of the left ventricle.
green - aortic semilunar valve
red - chordae tendinae (bicuspid valve) [the strings]
white - papillary muscle (bicuspid valve) [the lumps of muscles, base of chordae tendinae]
12. Describe how the left and right sides of the heart differ from each other.
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body through the aorta, and thus its myocardium is larger and thicker than the right side, which receives deoxygenated blood from the body, and only has to pump it a short way to the lungs.
13. Draw and label all structures visible in the interior of the cross-section.
1) Right Atrium
2) Tricuspid Valve
3) Right Ventricle
4) Left Arium
5) Bicuspid Valve
6) Left Ventricle
7) Chordae Tendinae
8) Papillary Muscles
9) Interventriclar Septum
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